According to the Constitution of Trans-Dniester Moldavian Republic all citizens of the Republic have the right to get free-of-charge education, and secondary education is compulsory. More than 110,000 pupils learn at public schools, which makes an average of 150 pupils per one thousand people. High schools are the main part of educational institutions as they provide all citizens of Trans-Dniester Republic with necessary knowledge according to uniform republican general education program. However, in the countryside there are still many incomplete secondary education schools and 9 primary schools. New private schools are emerging in Trans-Dniester cities that use progressive forms and methods of primary education.

The Republic has an average of one school teacher per nineteen pupils. All educational staff consists of skilled professionals ensuring preparation of all pupils on the whole range of school subjects. More than 80 % of the pupils have chosen Russian as their langusage of teaching, which is traditional for the Republic, while the rest have chosen Moldavian. In several schools of Ribnitsa and Kamenka districts secondary education is conducted in the Ukrainian language.

Every school graduate has an opportunity to further his education. Trans-Dniester Moldavian Republic has many post-secondary vocational schools that train students at fifteen specialities. Over twelve thousand students study at vocational schools. Professional-technical educational institutions have more then six thousand students, who are taught traditional professions in the spheres of agriculture, transport, service, municipal service and building, etc.

The republic has its state university – Trans-Dniester State University, which is situated in Tiraspol, the capital of Trans-Dniester Moldavian Republic. 12,000 students of twenty five nationalities receive post-secondary education at thirty two specialities. Russian, Moldavian and Ukrainian are the official languages of study at Trans-Dniester Moldavian University. Foreign students pay for their tuition. Preparation of students of stationary and correspondence branches is carried out in 11 faculties: agricultural and ecological, natural and geographical, pedagogical, medical, historical, engineering, physical and mathematical, philological, economic and faculty of law. The diplomas of Trans-Dniester State University have the legal status equal to that of the diplomas of post-secondary education of Russian Federation.